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- <text id=91TT0546>
- <title>
- Mar. 18, 1991: America Abroad
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Mar. 18, 1991 A Moment To Savor
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 35
- AMERICA ABROAD
- God and Man in the Gulf
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By Strobe Talbott
- </p>
- <p> A few days before the gulf war began in January, I was
- driving outside Jidda with a Saudi official who was telling me
- about what he called "the limits to political modernization"
- in the kingdom. I caught sight of a road sign to Mecca, only
- 31 miles away. Knowing that non-Muslims were forbidden to visit
- the holy city, I asked my companion whether he thought someday,
- when Saudi Arabia is more open to the outside world, the ban
- might be lifted.
- </p>
- <p> "Never," he replied.
- </p>
- <p> "Why?" I asked, somewhat taken aback.
- </p>
- <p> "Because God says so."
- </p>
- <p> He wasn't being rude or even expressing an opinion. He was
- simply stating the way things are and will always be. The
- subject was not ethics or what I think of as theology but the
- law of the land. I understood for the first time something I
- had often heard about Muslim culture: there is no division
- between mosque and state.
- </p>
- <p> The conversation came back to me after the war. From George
- Bush on down, many in the West celebrated a victory not just
- of military strength but of political values. Democracy is the
- word most often used to summarize those values. But the
- institutions associated with democracy have never thrived in
- the Arab world, and the welcome outcome of the gulf war is not
- likely to change that.
- </p>
- <p> In Iraq, even if Saddam Hussein is removed from office, his
- successors are likely to form a military dictatorship or a
- theocratic regime. Meanwhile, there were hints from Kuwait that
- the Emir, having been so slow to return home, is now in no
- hurry to re-establish a national assembly.
- </p>
- <p> As for Saudi Arabia, the only country named after a family,
- its leaders show little inclination to share power. On my trip
- in January, I met with His Highness Prince Fahd bin Salman, a
- thirtysomething, U.S.-educated grandson of the founding King,
- Abdul Aziz, known as Ibn Saud. Fahd is vice governor of the
- Eastern province. I asked him whether he thought there would
- still be an absolute monarchy in the 21st century.
- </p>
- <p> "Why not?" he shot back, with a distinct note of
- because-God-says-so finality. Then, remembering his audience,
- he added, "Of course, if we find a better system, I assure you
- we'll adopt it."
- </p>
- <p> The Prophet Muhammad taught that all men are equal. Over the
- centuries Islam has nourished scientists, philosophers,
- architects and writers. But the last phrase of the Koran's
- injunction to "obey Allah, the messenger and those of you who
- are in authority" is a boon to autocrats. Saddam pretends
- devotion when it suits his purposes. He has gone from murdering
- clerics to proclaiming a jihad and televising his prayers
- during the war.
- </p>
- <p> "Constitutional and representative government has been a
- miserable failure in the Arab world," says Elie Kedourie, a
- renowned scholar of Islam. "Elections and parliaments have no
- roots in classic Muslim thought. Only one figure holds ultimate
- legitimate authority in both the secular and religious realms,
- and that's the Caliph. The title may change, but the theory
- does not."
- </p>
- <p> In any land where things are the way they are because God
- says so, the all important question is, Who says he says so?
- In Iraq the answer is still Saddam. In Kuwait and Saudi Arabia,
- it's still the royal family. That much some of the war's
- winners and its loser have in common.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-